Perineal tearing is a common childbirth injury, affecting up to 90% of first-time mothers. It can range in severity from first-degree tears, which involve only the skin and muscles, to fourth-degree tears, which extend through the anal sphincter. While some tearing is unavoidable, there are steps that can be taken to reduce the risk of severe tears.
The most important thing is to maintain a healthy weight during pregnancy. Excess weight puts extra pressure on the perineum, making it more likely to tear. Eating a healthy diet, getting regular exercise, and avoiding smoking and alcohol can all help to keep your weight in a healthy range.